Today we will run through one way of estimating the intrinsic value of Himachal Futuristic Communications Limited (NSE:HFCL) by taking the foreast future cash flows of the company and discounting them back to today's value. I will be using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. Don't get put off by the jargon, the math behind it is actually quite straightforward.
Companies can be valued in a lot of ways, so we would point out that a DCF is not perfect for every situation. Anyone interested in learning a bit more about intrinsic value should have a read of the Simply Wall St analysis model.
What's the estimated valuation?
We are going to use a two-stage DCF model, which, as the name states, takes into account two stages of growth. The first stage is generally a higher growth period which levels off heading towards the terminal value, captured in the second 'steady growth' period. In the first stage we need to estimate the cash flows to the business over the next ten years. Seeing as no analyst estimates of free cash flow are available to us, we have extrapolate the previous free cash flow (FCF) from the company's last reported value. We assume companies with shrinking free cash flow will slow their rate of shrinkage, and that companies with growing free cash flow will see their growth rate slow, over this period. We do this to reflect that growth tends to slow more in the early years than it does in later years.
A DCF is all about the idea that a dollar in the future is less valuable than a dollar today, and so the sum of these future cash flows is then discounted to today's value:
10-year free cash flow (FCF) forecast
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | |
| Levered FCF (₹, Millions) | ₹1.74k | ₹1.85k | ₹1.98k | ₹2.12k | ₹2.27k | ₹2.44k | ₹2.62k | ₹2.81k | ₹3.02k | ₹3.25k |
| Growth Rate Estimate Source | Est @ 6.07% | Est @ 6.51% | Est @ 6.82% | Est @ 7.04% | Est @ 7.19% | Est @ 7.3% | Est @ 7.38% | Est @ 7.43% | Est @ 7.46% | Est @ 7.49% |
| Present Value (₹, Millions) Discounted @ 14.43% | ₹1.52k | ₹1.42k | ₹1.32k | ₹1.24k | ₹1.16k | ₹1.09k | ₹1.02k | ₹956.43 | ₹898.21 | ₹843.73 |
Present Value of 10-year Cash Flow (PVCF)= ₹11.45b
"Est" = FCF growth rate estimated by Simply Wall St
We now need to calculate the Terminal Value, which accounts for all the future cash flows after this ten year period. The Gordon Growth formula is used to calculate Terminal Value at a future annual growth rate equal to the 10-year government bond rate of 7.6%. We discount the terminal cash flows to today's value at a cost of equity of 14.4%.
Terminal Value (TV) = FCF2029 × (1 + g) ÷ (r – g) = ₹3.2b × (1 + 7.6%) ÷ (14.4% – 7.6%) = ₹51b
Present Value of Terminal Value (PVTV) = TV / (1 + r)10 = ₹₹51b ÷ ( 1 + 14.4%)10 = ₹13.19b
The total value, or equity value, is then the sum of the present value of the future cash flows, which in this case is ₹24.64b. The last step is to then divide the equity value by the number of shares outstanding. This results in an intrinsic value estimate of ₹19.17. Relative to the current share price of ₹20.6, the company appears around fair value at the time of writing. Remember though, that this is just an approximate valuation, and like any complex formula - garbage in, garbage out.
The assumptions
The calculation above is very dependent on two assumptions. The first is the discount rate and the other is the cash flows. Part of investing is coming up with your own evaluation of a company's future performance, so try the calculation yourself and check your own assumptions. The DCF also does not consider the possible cyclicality of an industry, or a company's future capital requirements, so it does not give a full picture of a company's potential performance. Given that we are looking at Himachal Futuristic Communications as potential shareholders, the cost of equity is used as the discount rate, rather than the cost of capital (or weighted average cost of capital, WACC) which accounts for debt. In this calculation we've used 14.4%, which is based on a levered beta of 0.800. Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility, compared to the market as a whole. We get our beta from the industry average beta of globally comparable companies, with an imposed limit between 0.8 and 2.0, which is a reasonable range for a stable business.
Next Steps:
Whilst important, DCF calculation shouldn’t be the only metric you look at when researching a company. The DCF model is not a perfect stock valuation tool. Rather it should be seen as a guide to "what assumptions need to be true for this stock to be under/overvalued?" If a company grows at a different rate, or if its cost of equity or risk free rate changes sharply, the output can look very different. For Himachal Futuristic Communications, There are three additional aspects you should further research:
- Financial Health: Does HFCL have a healthy balance sheet? Take a look at our free balance sheet analysis with six simple checks on key factors like leverage and risk.
- Future Earnings: How does HFCL's growth rate compare to its peers and the wider market? Dig deeper into the analyst consensus number for the upcoming years by interacting with our free analyst growth expectation chart.
- Other High Quality Alternatives: Are there other high quality stocks you could be holding instead of HFCL? Explore our interactive list of high quality stocks to get an idea of what else is out there you may be missing!
PS. Simply Wall St updates its DCF calculation for every IN stock every day, so if you want to find the intrinsic value of any other stock just search here.
We aim to bring you long-term focused research analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material.
If you spot an error that warrants correction, please contact the editor at editorial-team@simplywallst.com. This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. Simply Wall St has no position in the stocks mentioned. Thank you for reading.
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