SINGAPORE/LONDON/TOKYO/PARIS : On Christmas Eve, Carlos Ghosn walked into his lawyers’ modest office in central Tokyo to speak to his wife, Carole, for only the second time since April. During his long odyssey through the Japanese legal system—several arrests, more than 100 days in solitary confinement, seemingly endless interrogations, and, after his release on bail, intrusive 24-hour surveillance—Ghosn had been forced to accept many humiliations. But few demoralized the ousted leader of Nissan Motor Co. and Renault SA as much as having to seek court permission even to call his spouse, who prosecutors viewed as a potential co-conspirator in some of the wide range of financial crimes with which he’s been charged.
Carole, who’d departed Japan in a hurry after her husband was taken into custody on a fourth charge in early April, has spent much of the last year lobbying tirelessly on his behalf—a campaign that was taking an obvious toll. “They’ve destroyed our lives, we are scarred forever," she said of Ghosn’s accusers in a November interview with Bloomberg Television. “It’s been the hardest year of my life."
They were allowed to speak for one hour, but it wasn’t enough; they still had much more to say to each other. As time ran out, according to one of Ghosn’s lawyers, who described the call on his blog, the fallen executive signed off with a simple “I love you, habibi," an Arabic term of affection.
It seemed impossible to know when the couple would next have a chance to speak, let alone embrace. The following day, the 65-year-old Ghosn learnt that the second of his two trials might begin only in 2021, raising the prospect of another year or more in court-imposed isolation.
Even his children were being targeted by investigators. Japanese prosecutors had questioned Ghosn’s son Anthony, who was involved in some of the transactions they were targeting, as well as one of his daughters, according to a person familiar with the matter.
Fearing arrest, Anthony had been unable to visit his father.
Ghosn’s prospects of proving his innocence in Japan were dismal. A citizen of Brazil, France and Lebanon, he had sought diplomatic help from all three countries. Only the last had acted with evident enthusiasm, but its efforts weren’t getting anywhere.
The plan
Ghosn, however, had another option—a desperate play, months in the planning, that might restore some portion of his freedom if everything went right, or send him straight back to a 7-square-metre cell in Tokyo’s central jail if any aspect went awry.
In the Middle East, a former US Army Green Beret and a veteran of the 2003 invasion of Iraq were preparing a daring plan to spirit Ghosn out of Tokyo, under the noses of Japanese police. They aimed to bring him back to Beirut—the city where he had spent most of his childhood, and the capital of a country where, thanks to his business success, Ghosn is considered something of a national hero.
On its face, it must have seemed like a ridiculous idea. While the terms of Ghosn’s bail did not include a requirement to wear an ankle bracelet or other electronic tracker, his movements were closely monitored. Prosecutors had trained a camera on the door of his rented house, in Tokyo’s busy Roppongi neighbourhood, and as he moved through the Japanese capital he was shadowed by teams of plainclothes agents.
Ghosn, who has bushy eyebrows, elongated ears and prominent sideburns, would have a memorable face even as a regular citizen, but two decades of corporate celebrity meant that he was perhaps the most recognizable foreigner in Japan. His chances of slipping undetected through Tokyo and onto an airplane would have seemed slim, to put it mildly.
Yet, there was a clear window of opportunity. New Year’s is typically the longest holiday of the year in Japan, a time when government offices can close for more than a week and even the most hard-boiled prosecutors and police detectives take time off to be with their families.
Moreover, Ghosn had good reason to believe he could evade at least some of the men monitoring his movements: his lawyers had recently threatened to file a complaint against a private security company hired by Nissan to follow him, claiming it was infringing illegally on his rights. According to a person familiar with the situation, the company’s agents had backed off as a result—at least temporarily. (Nissan declined to comment.)
If Ghosn was going to escape, this was the moment to do it. But he needed the right help.
In the shadowy world of private-security contractors, Michael Taylor was a swashbuckler who stood out. He protected powerful people and companies, secretly helped the US government investigate crimes, and admitted breaking the law himself. Much of Taylor’s work over the years had involved Lebanon.
For the Ghosn operation, Taylor had a partner, a Lebanese-born man named George-Antoine Zayek. Originally trained as a gemmologist, his brother said by telephone, Zayek was also a member of a Christian militia when he met Taylor in the early 1980s, according to a person familiar with the matter, a time when Lebanon had fractured violently along sectarian lines.
On the morning of Sunday, 29 December, Taylor and Zayek arrived in a Bombardier Global Express Jet—a plane with a range of more than 11,000 kilometres—at the private jet terminal of Kansai International Airport, a busy hub built on an artificial island near Osaka. There were also two large black cases on board, according to people familiar with the flight who asked not to be identified.
Later the same day, according to security-camera footage reported by Japanese media, Ghosn walked out the front door of his house, wearing a hat and a surgical-style face mask commonly used in Japan to protect against germs. He then took a bullet train from Tokyo’s Shinagawa station to Osaka at about 4.30pm local time and, after the journey, took a cab to a hotel near the airport, reported Nippon TV. That evening the same Bombardier jet took off from Kansai bound for Istanbul.
According to a person familiar with the investigation of the flight, the team believed that flying straight to Beirut, a city that receives few, if any, arrivals from Osaka, would raise too many suspicions.
Outbound passengers at the private terminal aren’t exempt from passport control, and according to people familiar with airport operations, there were customs and immigration officials present before the Bombardier’s departure.
But Ghosn wasn’t boarding as an official passenger. He was, apparently, cargo, concealed in a large black case that, according to the people, was too big to fit into the airport’s X-ray machines. With nothing obviously amiss, by 11.10pm, the jet was in the air.
Reaching Istanbul’s Ataturk Airport would take just over 12 hours. The team ferrying Ghosn appeared to have chosen its route carefully. From Osaka the plane headed north-northwest, avoiding South Korea—which has an extradition treaty with Japan—and then crossing into Russian airspace, where it remained for almost its entire journey. That wasn’t the most direct route, which would have taken the jet over China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
But it did keep Ghosn over a country where he has considerable connections, thanks to his work rescuing AvtoVAZ, a troubled Soviet-era automaker that’s now part of the Renault-Nissan alliance. If the Japanese government demanded his plane be stopped, Ghosn might have hoped for sympathy, or at least stalling, from Moscow.
Istanbul to Beirut
In fact, the Japanese authorities seemed to have no idea Ghosn was no longer in the country, and the Bombardier landed in Istanbul at around 5.30am local time on 30 December.
Changing planes at Ataturk could expose Ghosn once again to detection. Just as at Kansai, according to a Turkish official who asked not to be identified discussing the details of the government’s subsequent investigation, Ghosn made the short trip inside a box. The second jet, a shorter-range Bombardier, took off shortly after for the brief flight to Beirut.
Safely on the ground in the country of his youth, Ghosn didn’t have to hide his identity. Although his lawyers had taken his travel documents as a condition of his bail, Ghosn had two French passports—a rare privilege, granted to citizens whose employment might require them to travel while also handing over a passport for visa applications.
Ghosn had been able to keep the second one, under the condition that it remain in a plastic case secured by a combination lock for which only his lawyers had the code.
According to a person familiar with it, the case wasn’t particularly sturdy, and with a hammer or drill and a bit of time it wouldn’t be difficult to crack open. His French passport in hand, Ghosn crossed into Lebanon legally.
Carole, who had been counting the days since the couple had last been together (just short of nine months) was in Beirut to see her family for Christmas when Ghosn landed.
She rushed to meet him and kept him largely to herself until the couple met up with a few friends for a New Year’s Eve dinner. A photo showed them at a table sharing wine and Champagne. They looked, if only for a moment, like a normal couple with normal concerns.
Even Ghosn’s closest advisers were blindsided when news of his escape began to break on 31 December. His Japanese lawyers said they had no idea what he had planned; in an impromptu press conference outside his office, lead counsel Junichiro Hironaka seemed genuinely bewildered by what had just occurred, describing himself as “dumbfounded".
Ghosn’s US representatives at Paul Weiss, the white-shoe New York law firm, had been kept similarly in the dark.
So was Greg Kelly, the former Nissan executive who’d been taken into custody at the same time and remains in Tokyo, forbidden to leave the country before trial. (He denies wrongdoing).
With no details forthcoming on how Ghosn managed to sneak out of Japan, media outlets around the world began speculating on a range of outlandish theories—the most widely circulated that he had left his house disguised as a very large musical instrument after hosting a troupe of Lebanese musicians for a holiday concert.
Ghosn’s public-relations apparatus, which includes top-drawer firms in New York and Paris, let most of the speculation go uncommented upon.
That changed dramatically as reports began to appear suggesting that Carole Ghosn or other members of his family had helped plan his escape—which, if accurate, might expose them to criminal charges in Japan or elsewhere.
On 2 January, Ghosn said in a statement that, somewhat improbably given the constant surveillance of his communications, “I alone arranged for my departure." His family, he said, “had no role whatsoever".
The fallout
Even if that’s true, Ghosn had plenty of help from individuals who may now be at risk of serious legal repercussions. Nor is Ghosn entirely in the clear.
While Lebanon is a nation that refuses, as a matter of policy, to extradite its citizens for trial abroad, he’s probably stuck there indefinitely.
Japan has requested that Interpol issue a so-called Red Notice in Ghosn’s name, making it known to other law enforcement authorities that the country considers him a fugitive.
His life as a globe-trotting member of the corporate elite is, at least for the foreseeable future, over.
Ghosn’s lawyers intend to propose that he be tried on the Japanese allegations in Lebanon, with Tokyo prosecutors providing investigative files to allow their Beirut counterparts to bring the case, according to Ghosn’s Beirut attorney, Carlos Abou Jaoude.
Such an arrangement would be all but unprecedented, and, for the Japanese government, deeply embarrassing: agreeing to it would amount to an admission that it won’t be able to get Ghosn back.
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