Economic Survey 2025: Growth stable, inflation cooling despite global uncertainty– 10 key highlights Economic Survey 2025: According to the survey, India's gross foreign direct investment inflows increased 17.9% from $47.2 billion in the first eight months of FY24 to $55.6 billion in the same period of FY25.:-livemint

 

Economic Survey 2025: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman tabled the Economic Survey in Parliament on Friday. According to the survey, India's FY26 GDP growth is expected to be in the range of 6.3-6.8% amid global uncertainty. The survey expects inflation to remain under control and consumption to remain stable. It also expects rural demand to gain traction going forward. The survey was released just six months after the previous one was presented in July 2024, after the general election.

The Economic Survey is a compilation of the Indian economy's performance, government policies, and outlook for the upcoming financial year. It is prepared by the economic division of the Department of Economic Affairs headed by the chief economic advisor (CEA).

Economic Survey 2025: 10 key highlights

Here are 10 key highlights of the Economic Survey 2025:

1. Indian economy to remain stable

The survey said despite global uncertainty, India's real GDP growth of 6.4% in FY25 (as per first advance estimates) remains close to the decadal average.

"Keeping in mind the upsides and downsides to growth, real GDP growth in FY26 is expected to be between 6.3% and 6.8%. From an aggregate supply perspective, real gross value added (GVA) is also estimated to grow by 6.4% in FY25," the survey said.

2. All sectors contributing to growth

The survey noted all sectors were performing well. "The agriculture sector remains strong, consistently operating well above trend levels. The industrial sector has also found its footing above the pre-pandemic trajectory. The robust growth rate in recent years has brought the services sector to its trend levels," it said.

3. Inflation gradually coming under control

The survey pointed out that retail headline inflation softened from 5.4% in FY24 to 4.9% in April-December 2024 due to various government initiatives and monetary policy measures. It noted that supply chain disruptions, extreme weather conditions and consequent reduced harvests were key factors driving India’s food inflation.

The government’s proactive policy interventions, including strengthening buffer stocks for essential food items, periodic open market releases and efforts to ease imports during supply shortages, helped stabilise inflation, it noted.

"Despite challenges, there are positive signs for inflation management in India. The Reserve Bank of India and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) project that India’s consumer price inflation will gradually align with the target of around 4 per cent in FY26," it said.

4. Financial sector stable

The survey highlighted a consistent decline in the gross non-performing assets (GNPA) ratio of commercial banks. "The gross non-performing assets ratio of scheduled commercial banks has declined consistently from its peak in FY18 to a low of 2.6% at the end of September 2024," it said. It added that the credit-GDP gap narrowed to -0.3% in Q1FY25 from -10.3% in Q1FY23, indicating that the recent growth in bank credit was sustainable.

India’s insurance market continues its upward trajectory, with total insurance premiums growing by 7.7% to ₹11.2 trillion in FY24. The pension sector has also seen significant growth, with the total number of pension subscribers growing 16% year-on-year as of September 2024, the survey said.

5. External trade: FDI revival in FY25

According to the survey, India's gross foreign direct investment inflows increased 17.9% from $47.2 billion in the first eight months of FY24 to $55.6 billion in the same period of FY25. 

It highlighted the resilience of the export sector, saying it has been on a steady upward trend in recent years despite global economic challenges. "Overall exports (merchandise + services) have grown steadily in the first nine months of FY25, witnessing a YoY growth of 6%. India’s external debt has remained stable over the past few years, with the external debt to GDP ratio standing at 19.4% at the end of September 2024," said the survey.

6. Calls for deregulation

Highlighting the significance of deregulation in achieving the goal of ‘Viksit Bharat’, the survey called for assessing India's medium-term growth outlook in the context of new global realities, such as geo-economic fragmentation and China's manufacturing prowess and strategic dominance.

"The way forward for India is to reinvigorate the internal engines and domestic growth levers and focus on economic freedom. The focus of reforms and economic policy must now be on systematic deregulation as the key agenda under Ease of Doing Business 2.0," the survey said.

7. Focus on investment and infrastructure

The survey noted that India's growth plans for the next decade require large investments in infrastructure.

It said the union government’s capital expenditure on key infrastructure sectors grew 38.8% from FY20 to FY24, and that capex gained momentum between July and November 2024, after the general elections.

8. Electricity, construction drive industrial growth

According to the survey, the industrial sector grew 6.2% in FY25, as per the first advance GDP estimates, driven by robust growth in electricity and construction.

"In April-November of FY25, the country’s finished steel production registered growth of 4.6%. Indian automobile domestic sales grew by 12.5% in FY24," it said.

"The domestic production of electronic goods has grown at a CAGR of 17.5% from FY15 to FY24. The exports of textiles and apparel, including handicrafts, were valued at $35.87 billion in FY24. The total annual turnover of pharmaceuticals in FY24 was ₹4.17 trillion, growing at an average rate of 10.1% over the past five years," the survey said.

9. Skill development key for services

Underscoring the fact that the service sector's contribution to total GVA has risen from 50.6 per cent in FY14 to 55.3 per cent in FY25, the survey emphasised prioritising skill development for the labour force and revising complex grassroots-level procedures and regulations as two key interventions for the growth of manufacturing and service sectors.

10. Focus on agriculture and food management sectors

Terming the agriculture and allied activities sector as the backbone of the Indian economy, the survey said it contributes about 16% of the country’s GDP for FY24 (PE) at current prices.

It highlighted government initiatives to boost the agriculture and food processing sector, such as increasing minimum support prices (MSP), providing credit support to all farmers through the Kisan Credit Card (KCC), the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS), and the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY).

"Government initiatives like PM-KISAN, which provides direct income support to farmers, and PM-KISAN Maandhan Yojana, which offers pension schemes for farmers, have successfully contributed to bolstering farmers' incomes and enhancing their social security safety nets. As of 31 October, over 11 crore farmers have benefitted under PM Kisan, while 23.61 lakh farmers are enrolled under PM Kisan Mandhan," it said.

UPI transactions will not work from February 1, 2025 if the app used for transactions uses special characters for transaction ID:-ET

 

From February 1, 2025 no UPI payment app can use special characters for generating transaction IDs. If you are using any such UPI app which uses special characters in the transaction ID then the transaction will be declined by the central system. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) wants to standardise the UPI transaction ID generation process and hence wants all payment ecosystem players to use ‘alphanumeric’ characters only and refrain from using special characters. Experts with whom we talked said although this direction from NPCI is directed to business users but if looked closely it impacts consumers using UPI apps for transactions also.

This NPCI’s direction comes into effect from February 1, 2025, and it means from this date if you are using any UPI app which is non-compliant with this NPCI direction then you won’t be able to transact using Unified Payment Interface (UPI).

UPI transactions on some apps to stop working from February 1, 2025?

NPCI has made the point clear to UPI operators that they should start using alphanumeric characters for UPI transaction IDs or the central system will not allow any UPI transactions from that app. The responsibility of complying with this directive is on the payment app.

According to an UPI circular dated January 9, 2025, “Reference may be taken from our OC 193 dated 28th March 2024 wherein UPI ecosystem players were advised to use only alphanumeric characters for generating UPI transaction ID. This is to ensure compliance with UPI technical specifications. We have been working with the ecosystem to improve compliance, though the issue has been largely resolved, it is observed that a few of the participants continue to be non-compliant. Considering the criticality of compliance to the specifications, it has been decided not to allow any special characters in UPI transaction ID. Any transaction with ID containing special characters shall be declined by the central system. This shall be effective 1st February 2025.”

UPI apps which are non-compliant with this NPCI's direction won't be allowed to trasact, multiple experts have said to ET Wealth Online.

Mohan K, Founder of TechFini, says, "UPI transactions containing special characters in their transaction IDs will be declined by the central system. Only transaction IDs that follow an alphanumeric format will be processed successfully. This move aims to enhance system efficiency, prevent potential security vulnerabilities, and ensure uniformity across UPI transactions.”

Alok Singh, Executive VP - Digital Business at Ongo (digital payments platform of AGS Transact), says, “Most of the major payment ecosystem players have complied with this NPCI direction about using 35 digits alphanumeric characters for UPI transaction IDs. However, there are some PSPs who are still non-complaint with this direction. So if a consumer is using any of the PSPs who are still non-compliant with this NPCI direction post February 1, 2025 then they will not be able to transact using UPI through that PSP.”

Rahul Jain – CFO, NTT DATA Payment Services India, agrees with Singh and says, "This significant move aims to bring uniformity in UPI day-to-day operations and further augment technical standardization. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has given an adequate amount of time to the industry players to make the transition and adhere to UPI technical criteria. Failing to do so, transactions with special characters will be declined by the central system. Given the state of preparedness, most of the industry players have already adhere to full compliance by the given deadline to avoid any disruptions. For those who have not yet followed the rules will ensure to implement soon."

NPCI issued these other directions about UPI also

According to an NPCI circular dated March 28, 2024, here are the other directions:

Compliance to UPI technical specifications- TRANS ID

Issue number 1: Length of transaction ID

• As per UPI technical specification transaction ID (TXNID) length must be 35 digits alpha numeric. On analyzing the data, the following anomalies are observed:
• Length of the transaction IDs: PSPs are not using consistent length of transaction IDs (current transaction IDs (TXNID) are ranging from 4 digits to 35 digits) which is inconsistent with the technical 
• specifications of UPI.
• Duplicate transaction IDs: Duplicate transaction IDs are used by PSPs while originating the transactions.
NPCI’s direction: Length of transaction IDs:
• In order to bring in standardisation, it is mandated that the participating entities should use the transaction ID with a length of 35 characters (alphanumeric) only.
• Validation of field length should be implemented in the central system, any transaction with 
• transaction ID not in compliance with the specification shall be rejected by the system with appropriate reason.
Issue number 2
2. Duplicate transaction IDs
Validation is already in place, duplicate records are already validated and rejected. Such rejections due to duplicate TXNID are causing immense customer dissatisfaction. Further, in some exceptional cases where in the central system multiple DBs are involved, a few transactions with duplicate IDs are getting processed in the online system. However, the same is getting rejected in the back office leading to settlement issues.


NPCI direction:
In the event of such duplicate transactions getting processed by the central system leading to settlement issues, it may be noted that the liability will be shifted (defaulting PSP shall be debited) to such originating entity as duplicate transaction ID is not in compliance with the technical specifications.
Additionally in a scenario wherein the banks have successful transactions in their switch/internal system, however such transaction/s are not present in the raw file provided then:


• Remitting banks should not reverse the funds to the customer’s account
• Beneficiary banks should hold funds in the beneficiary account.
• Such cases should be reported to NPCI immediately for further course of action.
• 
  
• “The benefit of mandating usage of 35 digits alphanumeric transaction ID is that, a standardised format helps in tracing unique transactions. In the current situation there are too many UPI apps and each follows their own systems for generating transaction IDs which makes it tough to trace the transactions. You see when a customer used to complaint and quoted the transaction ID they were unable to easily trace it and required information from various sources to get to the source and destination of the transaction. Hence, it is now proposed to make the transaction ID mandatorily standardised. This 35 digit transaction ID can help identify things like PSP, remitter of the money, date of transaction and so on,” says Singh from Ongo (digital payments platform of AGS Transact).
  
  
  Mohan from TechFini believes that by eliminating special characters, UPI can streamline processing, reduce errors, and improve interoperability among banks and payment service providers. “Merchants, payment gateways, and financial institutions must ensure that all transaction IDs generated or processed within their systems conform to the alphanumeric requirement to prevent payment failures,” he says.
  
  
  Read more at:
  https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/save/upi-transactions-will-not-work-from-february-1-2025-if-the-app-used-for-transactions-uses-special-characters-for-transaction-id/articleshow/117687441.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
  
  
  
  

Washington Plane Crash Live: Everyone aboard American Airlines jet that collided with Army helicopter feared dead, reports AP Washington Plane -money control news

 Washington Plane Crash Live: At least 28 bodies have been retrieved from the frigid Potomac River after an American Airlines jet with 60 passengers and four crew members crashed into an Army helicopter while landing at Ronald Reagan National Airport near Washington, officials said Thursday.

US Fed pauses interest rate cuts, signaling a cautious approach ahead Read more at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com

 

Fed rate cut: The US Federal Reserve has opted to pause interest rate cuts, keeping rates at 4.25% to 4.5%, citing somewhat elevated inflation. This cautious approach comes amidst President Trump's call for immediate rate reductions. Future policy changes will rely on incoming economic data and evolving conditions, ensuring a balanced approach to achieving inflation and employment goals.

Read more at:
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Trump administration to cancel student visas of pro-Palestinian protesters :-ET

 

U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Wednesday to combat antisemitism and pledged to deport non-citizen college students and others who took part in pro-Palestinian protests.

A fact sheet on the order promises "immediate action" by the Justice Department to prosecute "terroristic threats, arson, vandalism and violence against American Jews" and marshal all federal resources to combat what it called "the explosion of antisemitism on our campuses and streets" since the Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel by Palestinian Islamist group Hamas.

"To all the resident aliens who joined in the pro-jihadist protests, we put you on notice: come 2025, we will find you, and we will deport you," Trump said in the fact sheet.

"I will also quickly cancel the student visas of all Hamas sympathizers on college campuses, which have been infested with radicalism like never before," the president said, echoing a 2024 campaign promise.

Read more at:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/latest-updates/trump-administration-to-cancel-student-visas-of-pro-palestinian-protesters/articleshow/117713915.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Rs 10,000 crore rockets to be made in India:-ET

 

New Delhi: The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) has cleared India's largest domestic contract for ammunition, with rockets worth over ₹10,000 crore to be made domestically to meet Army requirements over the next decade.

The apex body, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, gave the final go ahead for procurement of enhanced range Pinaka rockets as well as area denial munitions (ADM) developed by DRDO.

The ammunition will be made by Munitions India Ltd and Economic Explosives Ltd, both of which have been transferred technology from DRDO. Sources said EEL, which emerged as lowest bidder for the contract, will get 60% of the contract value and MIL will get the remaining 40%, as they have promised to match the lower bid price.

Pinaka Mk-I (Enhanced) Rocket System (EPRS), which has been cleared for acquisition by CCS, has a range of over 45 km and the ability to move quickly after firing at enemy positions. A longer range variant that can strike targets at 75 km range has also been tested successfully and is likely to be ordered in the future. Work is also on to create even longer range variants that can can strike targets at 150 km plus.

Pinaka ADM rocket system is a variant of the rockets that can spread hundreds of bomblets across a large area. These bomblets deny the enemy access to the area and can target personnel as well as incoming armour formations.

The Army has 10 Pinaka regiments on order and is likely to go in for a higher number in the future given the success of the system.

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https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/rs-10000-crore-rockets-to-be-made-in-india/articleshow/117702048.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

US Fed FOMC Meeting: Will Powell throw a surprise by agreeing to Trump’s call for a rate cut? President Trump has urged for an immediate interest rate cut, but the Federal Reserve may delay further cuts due to ongoing inflation concerns.:-The Financial Express

 

The Federal Reserve is expected to keep interest rates unchanged at its January Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting. The meeting, held over two days (January 28–29), will conclude with Fed Chair Jerome Powell announcing the decision at 2 p.m. ET today.

Powell’s press conference will be closely watched for his views on inflation and future direction of interest rates. January FOMC meeting is also significant as it follows President Donald Trump’s return to office for a second term. Will Powell throw a surprise by agreeing to Trump’s call for a rate cut, remains to be seen.

In his first week back, President Trump called for an immediate interest rate cut. However, the Federal Reserve may delay further cuts due to ongoing inflation concerns. Between 2022 and 2023, the Federal Reserve raised rates by 5.25% to tackle inflation above its 2% target.

In late 2024, the Fed began to decrease interest rates, with a substantial 50 basis point cut in September, followed by lesser cuts in November and December, bringing rates down to 4.50%-4.75%. Projections indicate that there may be progressive cutbacks in 2025, potentially totaling 50 basis points. However, any future reduction will be contingent on obvious indicators of an economic slowdown and lower inflation.

President Trump’s low-tax policies are projected to stimulate economic activities, but his trade tariffs and immigration bans may raise inflation, postponing further rate cuts. The economy is, currently robust, and inflation persists, decreasing the need for significant rate cuts. The slowing labor market and impending revisions to non-farm payroll data may also affect future Fed decisions.

Meanwhile, markets are expecting fewer rate cuts in 2025. However, recent developments in China have caused significant market turbulence. The release of the DeepSeek R1 artificial intelligence model by Chinese start-up DeepSeek last week led to massive losses in the AI industry, including a $589 billion drop in Nvidia’s market value in one day.

As the impact of DeepSeek on the AI industry becomes clearer, it is likely to remain a key market focus. Additionally, surprises in U.S. inflation data could also influence the Fed’s plans.

Stampede breaks out at Maha Kumbh amid Mauni Amavasya rush, several injured Mahakumbh Stampede occurred when a barrier broke at the Sangam, causing a surge in the dense crowd:-Business Standard

 

Around 100 million pilgrims are expected to gather at the Sangam Ghats today. (Photo: PTI)

A stampede-like situation broke out at the Maha Kumbh in the early hours of Wednesday ahead of the 'Amrit Snan' on Mauni Amavasya, leaving several people injured. Around 100 million pilgrims are expected to gather at the Sangam Ghats today on the occasion of Mauni Amavasya, according to ANI.

 

Barrier collapse triggers chaos

 

The incident occurred when a barrier broke at the Sangam, causing a surge in the dense crowd. Officer on Special Duty for the Mela, Akanksha Rana, confirmed that the injured had been rushed to the hospital, though the exact number is yet to be determined. Witnesses described chaotic scenes as devotees were trapped and injured, while anxious relatives flocked to hospitals in search of their loved ones.

M Modi reviews the situation

 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke to Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, reviewed the developments, and called for immediate support measures following the incident.

 

Home Minister Amit Shah also spoke to CM Yogi Adityanath following the stampede and assured him of full support from the Centre.

Akharas Call Off Mauni Amavasya 'Amrit Snan'

 

Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad president Mahant Ravindra Puri announced that seers had decided to call off the Mauni Amavasya 'Amrit Snan' due to the situation. "Our saints and seers were ready for the snan when we were informed about the incident. That’s why we decided to call it off," he told PTI.

According to tradition, Akharas from the three sects—Sanyasi, Bairagi, and Udaseen—take the holy dip in a set sequence, following a grand procession to the Sangam Ghat. The seers and saints, including the ash-smeared Nagas, take a holy dip at the sacred confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati on Mauni Amavasya, which is marked by celestial alignments and hold great spiritual significance for Hindus.

 

‘Promise to deport every illegal immigrant’: Ruby Dhalla, Indian-origin leader running for Canada PM In a strong-worded poll promise, Ruby Dhalla vowed to clampdown on illegal immigrants in Canada and promised to deport them.:-The Indian Express

 

India rejects Canadian inquiry report: ‘In fact, Canada meddling in our affairs’ While the initial report in May last year had pointed to China as the “most persistent and sophisticated foreign interference threat to Canada,” the final report lays out the ways in which India has become the “second most active country engaging in electoral foreign interference in Canada.”:-The Indian Express

 

The India-Canada ties had hit a low on October 14 after the Canadian government said Indian diplomats including the High Commissioner were “persons of interest” in the Nijjar murder probe. (AP)

The Ministry of External Affairs rejected the probe report on Tuesday by Foreign Interference Commission Tuesday identifying India as the “second most active country” (after China) engaging in electoral foreign interference in Canada, and said that in fact, it was Canada which has been consistently interfering in India’s internal affairs.

“We have seen a report about alleged activities on purported interference. It is in fact Canada which has been consistently interfering in India’s internal affairs. This has also created an environment for illegal migration and organised criminal activities. We reject the report’s insinuations on India and expect that the support system enabling illegal migration will not be further countenanced,” the MEA said in an official statement.

Non EU-visitors to pay higher entrance fee at Paris Louvre, world's most-visited museum SECTIONSNon EU-visitors to pay higher entrance fee at Paris Louvre, world's most-visited museum ET OnlineLast Updated: Jan 28, 2025, 10:42:00 PM IST

 

French President Emmanuel Macron announced that non-EU visitors will face higher entrance fees at the Louvre to address overcrowding and fund upgrades for the museum's outdated facilities. He also revealed plans for a dedicated space for the Mona Lisa, following warnings from Louvre President Laurence des Cars about the museum's deteriorating infrastructure, including water leaks and temperature issues threatening artwork preservation.

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ISRO's 100th mission takes flight with successful launch of NVS-02 navigation satellite:-ET

 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved a major milestone with the launch of its 100th rocket. The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F15) will carry the NVS-02 satellite into orbit, further strengthening India’s Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), also known as Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC). The launch is scheduled for Wednesday at 6:23 AM from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Enhancing Navigation Capabilities with NVS-02

The NVS-02 satellite will add to the existing NavIC constellation, increasing the number of operational satellites from four to five. This enhancement will improve the accuracy of positioning services in India and surrounding regions. Speaking about the launch, ISRO’s Space Applications Centre (SAC) Director Nilesh Desai stated, “We are going to launch at 6:23 AM this GSLV-F15 mission, which will carry the NVS-02 satellite into orbit. Finally it will be put in the geostationary orbit at 36,000 kilometres, and it will increase the number of satellites of our navigation constellation from four to five and that will improve the overall accuracy of the positioning which we get from this navigation satellite.”

NavIC consists of seven satellites, providing independent positioning services similar to the Global Positioning System (GPS). Desai further explained, “This is the fifth in the series of operational NavIC satellites. NavIC satellite is our earlier named IRNSS satellite configuration which is called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. It is a part of this satellite constellation where we will put seven satellites. Older satellites are getting replaced with a new series of satellites.

India’s Own GPS: NavIC’s Growing Role

Former scientist and professor at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, RC Kapoor, described NavIC as “India’s own GPS,” underlining its capability to provide precise positioning. He explained, “This series usually has a constellation of seven satellites through which we can get very accurate positioning of the region in which this constellation will operate. There is a ranging system and a rubidium atomic clock on this satellite, which have been synchronised with clocks on the ground. It is going to be India’s own GPS.”

Kapoor also highlighted that the system covers an area extending 1,500 kilometres beyond India’s borders. “An area of about 1,500 km beyond the borders of India will come under its coverage… Now we have our eyes on a very ambitious project, NISAR, which is a collaboration of NASA and ISRO. This is an Earth observation satellite. This is the most expensive and biggest project of ISRO to date,” he added.

ISRO’s Indigenous Technological Advancements

The NVS-02 satellite is entirely indigenously built, showcasing India’s progress in space technology. Defence scientist W Selvamurthy stressed the significance of this achievement, stating, “We will place our country’s indigenously built navigation satellite NVS-02 in space. It will increase the navigation capability of the NavIC system… This is very important for our country because ISRO has developed many types of launch vehicles in our country in which there is propulsion technology, material technology, control, guidance, navigation, payload, integration, payload separation and computation.”

He also expressed confidence in ISRO’s leadership in space research, aligning with India’s long-term vision for development. “ISRO is taking a leadership position in space research, and after becoming a developed nation in 2047 under the vision of ‘Viksit Bharat 2047,’ we will be at the forefront of space exploration,” he added.

NavIC’s Capabilities and Future Plans

NavIC provides two types of services: Standard Positioning Service (SPS) for civilian use and Restricted Service (RS) for strategic applications. The system offers a positioning accuracy of better than 20 metres and a timing accuracy of better than 40 nanoseconds over its service area.

With the successful launch of the NVS-02 satellite, ISRO will further strengthen India’s navigation capabilities, ensuring greater self-reliance in satellite-based positioning systems. As the space agency looks ahead to ambitious projects such as NISAR, this milestone mission reinforces India’s growing stature in global space exploration.

(With inputs from ANI)

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